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1. Expansion joints(compensators)
Expansion joints are commonly referred to as compensators. They consist of one or more bellows (an elastic component) as the main working body, as well as connectors at both ends, supports, flanges, conduits, and other accessories. Expansion joints are a flexible structures installed on vessel shells or pipelines to compensate for additional stresses caused by temperature differences and mechanical vibrations. By utilizing the effective expansion and contraction of the bellows, they compensate dimensional changes in pipelines, conduits, vessels and so on, which are caused by thermal expansion and contraction, or compensate for axial, lateral, and angular displacements of pipelines, conduits, vessels, etc. They can also be used for noise and vibration reduction and heating supply systems. In order to prevent deformation or damage to heating pipelines caused by thermal expansion or temperature stress when the heating pipelines are heated, compensators need to be installed on the pipelines to compensate for thermal expansion of the pipelines, thereby reducing the stress on the pipeline walls and the forces exerting on valves or support structures.
As expansion joints are elastic compensating components capable of free expansion and contraction, they have the advantages of reliable operation, good performance, and compact structure,and others.Hence they are widely used in departments such as chemical engineering, metallurgy,nuclear energy,and the like. There are various forms of expansion joints used on vessels, with the U-shaped expansion joint being the most widely used in terms of the shape of bellows, followed by Ω-shaped and C-shaped joints. As for expansion joints used on pipelines, they are classified according to structural compensation into universal expansion joint, pressure balanced expansion joint, hinged expansion joint, and gimbal expansion joint.
| Main Item | Classification | Description |
Metal Expansion Joint | Elbow Expansion Joint | Bend the pipe into a U-shaped or other shape, also known as tension bends,are a type of expansion joint that utilizes the elastic deformation ability of the form to compensate. Its advantages are good strength, long service life, and on-site production.The disadvantages are space-consuming, high steel consumption, and high friction resistance. This type of expansion joint is widely used in various steam piping and long pipes. |
Bellows Expansion Joint
| A bellows expansion joint, crafted from metal bellows, exhibits expansion and contraction capabilities along the pipeline's axial direction, along with a small degree of bending. Protective rods or rings at both ends prevent exceeding the allowable compensation amount, while guide supports are installed on the adjacent pipelines' ends. Angular and lateral expansion joints also exist to compensate for rotational and lateral pipeline deformations. These joints offer space-saving, material-saving, standardization, and mass production benefits, but have a relatively short lifespan. Typically used in short, low-temperature, and low-pressure pipelines, the application scope of bellows expansion joints is expanding due to advancements in bellows production technology. Now, they can be employed in pipe systems with a maximum pressure of 6.0 MPa. | |
Slip-Type Expansion Joint | The slip-type expansion joint features inner and outer sleeves
enabling axial movement, sealed with a stuffing box. | |
Non-metallic Expansion Joint | Rubber Expansion Joint | Composed of rubber and rubber-fiber composite materials, steel flanges, sleeves, and insulation materials, it is mainly used for flexible connections between various fans and ducts. Its functions include shock absorption, noise reduction, sealing, medium resistance, easy displacement and installation. It is an ideal accessory for shock absorption, noise reduction, smoke and dust removal in the field of environmental protection. |
Fabric Expansion Joint | The fabric expansion joint, primarily constructed from fiber fabric, rubber, and other heat-resistant materials, effectively compensates for vibrations and deformations in fans and ducts. Its capabilities extend to axial, lateral, and angular compensation, offering benefits like thrust-free operation, simplified support design, corrosion and heat resistance, noise and vibration reduction. It is ideally suited for use in hot blast pipes and smoke and dust pipelines in power plants. The fiber fabric and insulation cotton within the non-metallic compensator further contribute to sound absorption and vibration isolation, significantly reducing noise and vibration in boilers, fans, and other systems. This design boasts a simple structure, lightweight, and ease of maintenance. |
Super Austenitic Stainless Steel: 254SMO, 904L, AL6XN
- These alloys exhibit high resistance to corrosion, particularly
in harsh environments containing chloride ions. They are often used
in applications requiring excellent corrosion resistance and high
strength.
Duplex Stainless Steel: 2205 Dual Phase Steel (S31803)
- Duplex stainless steels offer a combination of high strength and
excellent corrosion resistance. They are commonly used in
applications requiring resistance to stress corrosion cracking and
pitting corrosion.
Nickel-Based Alloy Steel: INCOLOY800/800H/800HT/840/825,
INCONEL600/601/690/625/X-750
- Nickel-based alloy steels offer exceptional high-temperature
strength and corrosion resistance. They are commonly used in
applications such as heat exchangers, chemical processing
equipment, and gas turbines.
Hastelloy Alloy: C-276/C-22/X, MONEL400/K500
- Hastelloy alloys exhibit outstanding resistance to a wide range
of corrosive environments, including oxidizing and reducing acids,
and high-temperature gaseous environments. MONEL alloys offer
excellent resistance to corrosion and erosion in marine and
chemical environments.
Pure Nickel: N4, N6 (Ni200, Ni201)
- Pure nickel exhibits high resistance to corrosion and oxidation
at elevated temperatures. It is commonly used in chemical
processing, electronics, and aerospace industries.
Titanium Plate for Stamping: GR1, GR2, TA1, TA2
- Titanium plates are known for their high strength-to-weight
ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. They
are widely used in aerospace, marine, chemical processing, and
medical applications.
Austenitic Stainless Steel: SUS304, SUS304L, SUS316, SUS316L,
SUS310S, SUS321, SUS316Ti
- Austenitic stainless steels are non-magnetic and offer excellent
corrosion resistance, good formability, and weldability. They are
commonly used in various industries, including food processing,
chemical processing, and medical devices.
2. Non-metallic Expansion joints
Non-metallic compensators can be divided into the following types: straight cylindrical non-metallic expansion joints, compound non-metallic expansion joints, angular non-metallic expansion joints, and square non-metallic expansion joints.
Rectangular non-metallic compensators are mainly used in flue ducts of power plants to absorb thermal displacement and/or shock absorption. The connection types for rectangular non-metallic compensators include flange connection and nozzle connection.
Compensating segment length(h/m)
| 100 | 200 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 400 | 450 | 500 | 550 | 600 | 650 | 700 | 800 | 900 | |
Compensation volume(nm)
| Axial displacement (x/m) | -30 | -50 | -75 | -85 | -105 | -125 | -130 | -140 | -165 | -175 | -195 | -205 | -225 | -240 |
| +15 | +20 | +30 | +36 | +45 | +45 | +50 | +55 | +58 | +62 | +66 | +70 | +74 | +80 | ||
Lateral displacement (y/m) | ±10 | ±15 | ±25 | ±30 | ±45 | ±50 | ±60 | ±68 | ±7o | ±73 | ±75 | ±80 | ±85 | ±90 | |
Working Temperature (t°C) | a=100-200,b=200-300,c=300-450,d=450-500,e=500-600,f=600-700,g=700-1000 | ||||||||||||||
Working pressure P(Kpa) | ±10~±300,if the user requires, the pressure beyond the range, can be designed separately. | ||||||||||||||
Flow rate | a——b | v=8——15 | |||||||||||||
| c——d | v=8——20 | ||||||||||||||
Gas turbine exhaust duct
Desulfurization system
Flue ducts and exhaust systems of various industries
Coal-fired boilers, circulating sulfurized bed boilers
Flue ducts of waste heat boilers
3. Round Non-metallic Compensator/Expansion Joint
Circular Non-metallic Compensators/Expansion Joints offer several key advantages:
1. Thermal Expansion Compensation: They can compensate in multiple directions, providing superior flexibility compared to metal compensators, which typically offer single-axis compensation.
2. Alignment Error Compensation: Fiber compensators effectively eliminate misalignment issues resulting from system errors during pipeline connections.
3. Noise Reduction and Vibration Isolation: Inherent sound absorption and vibration isolation properties of fiber fabric and insulation cotton reduce noise and vibration in systems such as boilers and fans.
4. No Reverse Thrust: With fiber fabric as the main material, there is no transmission of force, simplifying design and avoiding the need for large supports, saving on materials and labor.
5. High-Temperature and Corrosion Resistance: Selected fluoroplastics and silicone materials offer excellent resistance to high temperatures and corrosion.
6. Reliable Sealing Performance: Fiber compensators ensure leak-free operation with a complete production and assembly system.
7. Lightweight, Simple Structure, Easy Installation and Maintenance: Their lightweight and simple structure make them convenient to install and maintain.
8. Cost-Effectiveness: They are priced at 1/2 to 1/5 of imported metal compensators, offering good damping effects and long service life. Large flanges without gaskets reduce costs and allow for direct installation.
