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1. Expansion joints(compensators)
Expansion joints, often called compensators, are essential components comprised of one or more bellows, along with connectors, supports, flanges, and conduits. They serve as flexible structures installed on vessel shells or pipelines to counteract added stresses from temperature fluctuations and mechanical vibrations. By leveraging the expansion and contraction of bellows, they accommodate dimensional changes caused by thermal expansion or contraction, as well as compensate for axial, lateral, and angular displacements in pipelines, conduits, vessels, and more. Additionally, they contribute to noise and vibration reduction and are vital in heating supply systems.
To prevent deformation or damage to heating pipelines due to thermal expansion or temperature stress, compensators must be installed, thereby alleviating stress on pipeline walls and reducing forces on valves or support structures.
With their ability to freely expand and contract, expansion joints offer reliable operation, high performance, and a compact design. Consequently, they find widespread use in various industries such as chemical engineering, metallurgy, nuclear energy, and others. Various forms of expansion joints exist for vessels, with the U-shaped expansion joint being the most common, followed by Ω-shaped and C-shaped joints. On pipelines, they are categorized based on structural compensation into universal, pressure balanced, hinged, and gimbal expansion joints.
| Main Item | Classification | Description |
Metal Expansion Joint | Elbow Expansion Joint | Bend the pipe into a U-shaped or other shape, also known as tension bends,are a type of expansion joint that utilizes the elastic deformation ability of the form to compensate. Its advantages are good strength, long service life, and on-site production.The disadvantages are space-consuming, high steel consumption, and high friction resistance. This type of expansion joint is widely used in various steam piping and long pipes. |
Bellows Expansion Joint
| A bellows expansion joint, crafted from metal bellows, facilitates axial expansion and contraction within pipelines, while allowing slight bending. To prevent exceeding the permissible compensation range, protective rods or rings are affixed at both ends of the bellows, alongside guide supports on the connected pipelines. Angular and lateral expansion joints serve to address rotational and lateral deformations in pipelines.These expansion joints offer space and material efficiency, standardization, and mass production advantages, although their lifespan is relatively short. Primarily utilized in short pipelines with low temperature and pressure, advancements in bellows production technology have broadened their application scope. Presently, bellows expansion joints are suitable for pipe systems with a maximum pressure of 6.0 MPa. | |
Slip-Type Expansion Joint | The slip-type expansion joint comprises inner and outer sleeves that allow axial movement. A stuffing box seals the space between them. It maintains axial alignment of the pipes during use. Main components include sleeves, shells, and sealing materials. This joint compensates for axial expansion and rotation in pipelines at any angle. Its compact design provides significant compensation, suitable for hot water, steam, and grease. Sliding the inner sleeve against the outer one compensates for thermal expansion. With a high-performance self-sealing dynamic seal, the inner sleeve can slide freely within the shell, meeting sealing requirements. A synthetic seal withstands high temperatures and corrosion, preventing leakage. It ensures axial movement while sealing the pipe, with a temperature range from -40 to 150 degrees Celsius, extending to 350 degrees under special conditions. | |
Non-metallic Expansion Joint | Rubber Expansion Joint | Composed of rubber and rubber-fiber composite materials, steel flanges, sleeves, and insulation materials, it is mainly used for flexible connections between various fans and ducts. Its functions include shock absorption, noise reduction, sealing, medium resistance, easy displacement and installation. It is an ideal accessory for shock absorption, noise reduction, smoke and dust removal in the field of environmental protection. |
Fabric Expansion Joint | The fabric expansion joint is mainly made of fiber fabric, rubber, and other high temperature resistant materials. It can compensate for the vibration and deformation of fans and ducts.Fabric expansion joints can compensate for axial, lateral, and angular products, with features such as no thrust, simplified support design, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, noise reduction, vibration reduction,and others.It is particularly suitable for hot blast pipes and smoke and dust pipeline of power plant.The non-metallic compensator's fiber fabric and insulation cotton itself have the functions of sound absorption and vibration isolation, therefore they can effectively reducing the noise and vibration of boiler, fan, and other systems. Simple structure, light weight, and easy maintenance. |
Super Austenitic Stainless Steel:254SMO,904L,AL6XN
Duplex Stainless Steel :2205 Dual phase steel (S31803)
Nickel Based Alloy Steel:INCOLOY800/800H/800HT/840/825,INCONEL600/601/690/625/X-750
Hastelloy Alloy C-276/C-22/X,MONEL400/K500
Pure Nickel:N4,N6(Ni200,Ni201)
Titanium Plate For Stamping:GR1,GR2,TA1,TA2
Austenitic Stainless Steel:SUS304,SUS304L,SUS316,SUS316L,SUS310S,SUS321,SUS316Ti
2. Non-metallic Expansion joints
Non-metallic compensators can be divided into the following types: straight cylindrical non-metallic expansion joints, compound non-metallic expansion joints, angular non-metallic expansion joints, and square non-metallic expansion joints.
Rectangular non-metallic compensators are mainly used in flue ducts of power plants to absorb thermal displacement and/or shock absorption. The connection types for rectangular non-metallic compensators include flange connection and nozzle connection.
Compensating segment length(h/m)
| 100 | 200 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 400 | 450 | 500 | 550 | 600 | 650 | 700 | 800 | 900 | |
Compensation volume(nm)
| Axial displacement (x/m) | -30 | -50 | -75 | -85 | -105 | -125 | -130 | -140 | -165 | -175 | -195 | -205 | -225 | -240 |
| +15 | +20 | +30 | +36 | +45 | +45 | +50 | +55 | +58 | +62 | +66 | +70 | +74 | +80 | ||
Lateral displacement (y/m) | ±10 | ±15 | ±25 | ±30 | ±45 | ±50 | ±60 | ±68 | ±7o | ±73 | ±75 | ±80 | ±85 | ±90 | |
Working Temperature (t°C) | a=100-200,b=200-300,c=300-450,d=450-500,e=500-600,f=600-700,g=700-1000 | ||||||||||||||
Working pressure P(Kpa) | ±10~±300,if the user requires, the pressure beyond the range, can be designed separately. | ||||||||||||||
Flow rate | a——b | v=8——15 | |||||||||||||
| c——d | v=8——20 | ||||||||||||||
Gas turbine exhaust ducts, desulfurization systems, flue ducts, and exhaust systems across various industries, including coal-fired boilers and circulating sulfurized bed boilers, as well as waste heat boiler flue ducts, are common applications for expansion joints.
3. Round Non-metallic Compensator/Expansion Joint
Circular Non-metallic Compensator/Expansion Joint has the following main characteristics:
Compensation for Thermal Expansion: It can compensate in multiple directions, greatly surpassing metal compensators that can only provide single-axis compensation.
Compensation for Mounting Error: Due to inevitable system errors during pipeline connections, fiber compensators effectively eliminate misalignment.
Noise Reduction and Vibration Isolation: Fiber fabric and insulation cotton inherently possess sound absorption and vibration isolation functions, effectively reducing noise and vibration in systems such as boilers and fans.
No Reverse Thrust: As the main material is fiber fabric, there is no transmission of force. The use of fiber compensators simplifies design, avoids the need for large supports, and saves mass materials and labor.
Excellent High-Temperature and Corrosion Resistance: Fluoroplastics and silicone materials selected have excellent high-temperature and corrosion resistance.
Good Sealing Performance: With a relatively complete production and assembly system, fiber compensators ensure no leakage.
Lightweight, Simple Structure, Convenient Installation and Maintenance.
Lower Price Compared to Metal Compensators, Better Quality than Imported Products: The price is 1/2 to 1/5 of imported products, with good damping effects.
Good Sealing Performance: Utilizes large flanges without gaskets, reducing costs and ensuring direct installation.
Long Service Life.
