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1. Expansion joints(compensators)
Expansion joints are commonly referred to as compensators. They consist of one or more bellows (an elastic component) as the main working body, as well as connectors at both ends, supports, flanges, conduits, and other accessories. Expansion joints are a flexible structures installed on vessel shells or pipelines to compensate for additional stresses caused by temperature differences and mechanical vibrations. By utilizing the effective expansion and contraction of the bellows, they compensate dimensional changes in pipelines, conduits, vessels and so on, which are caused by thermal expansion and contraction, or compensate for axial, lateral, and angular displacements of pipelines, conduits, vessels, etc. They can also be used for noise and vibration reduction and heating supply systems. In order to prevent deformation or damage to heating pipelines caused by thermal expansion or temperature stress when the heating pipelines are heated, compensators need to be installed on the pipelines to compensate for thermal expansion of the pipelines, thereby reducing the stress on the pipeline walls and the forces exerting on valves or support structures.
As expansion joints are elastic compensating components capable of free expansion and contraction, they have the advantages of reliable operation, good performance, and compact structure,and others.Hence they are widely used in departments such as chemical engineering, metallurgy,nuclear energy,and the like. There are various forms of expansion joints used on vessels, with the U-shaped expansion joint being the most widely used in terms of the shape of bellows, followed by Ω-shaped and C-shaped joints. As for expansion joints used on pipelines, they are classified according to structural compensation into universal expansion joint, pressure balanced expansion joint, hinged expansion joint, and gimbal expansion joint.
| Main Item | Classification | Description |
Metal Expansion Joint | ElbowExpansion Joint | Bend the pipe into a U-shaped or other shape, also known as tension bends,are a type of expansion joint that utilizes the elastic deformation ability of the form to compensate. Its advantages are good strength, long service life, and on-site production.The disadvantages are space-consuming, high steel consumption, and high friction resistance. This type of expansion joint is widely used in various steam piping and long pipes. |
Bellows Expansion Joint
| The bellows expansion joint, made of metal, expands/contracts axially and allows slight bending. Protective rods/rings prevent over-expansion, while guide supports are installed on pipeline ends. Angular and lateral joints compensate for rotational/lateral deformations. Advantages include space/material savings, easy standardization, and mass production, but lifespan is relatively short. They're typically used in short, low temp/pressure pipelines. With advances in bellows technology, they can now handle up to 6.0 MPa pressure in pipe systems. | |
Slip-Type Expansion Joint | The slip-type expansion joint has inner and outer sleeves for axial movement, sealed with stuffing box. It compensates for pipeline's axial expansion and rotation, suitable for hot water, steam, and grease. The inner sleeve slides freely inside the shell, connected to the pipeline with a high-performance self-sealing seal. A new synthetic seal material between the sleeves resists heat, corrosion, and aging (-40°C to 150°C, up to 350°C under special conditions), ensuring sliding and preventing leakage. | |
Non-metallic Expansion Joint | Rubber Expansion Joint | Composed of rubber and rubber-fiber composite materials, steel flanges, sleeves, and insulation materials, it is mainly used for flexible connections between various fans and ducts. Its functions include shock absorption, noise reduction, sealing, medium resistance, easy displacement and installation. It is an ideal accessory for shock absorption, noise reduction, smoke and dust removal in the field of environmental protection. |
Fabric Expansion Joint | The fabric expansion joint, crafted from fiber fabric, rubber, and heat-resistant materials, compensates for fan and duct vibration/deformation. It handles axial, lateral, and angular movements, offering no thrust, simplified support, corrosion/heat resistance, noise/vibration reduction. Ideal for power plant hot blast and smoke/dust pipelines, its fiber fabric and insulation cotton absorb sound and isolate vibration, reducing noise/vibration in boilers, fans, and systems. Simple, lightweight, and easy to maintain. |
Super Austenitic Stainless Steel:254SMO,904L,AL6XN
Duplex Stainless Steel :2205 Dual phase steel (S31803)
Nickel Based Alloy Steel:INCOLOY800/800H/800HT/840/825,INCONEL600/601/690/625/X-750
Hastelloy Alloy C-276/C-22/X,MONEL400/K500
Pure Nickel:N4,N6(Ni200,Ni201)
Titanium Plate For Stamping:GR1,GR2,TA1,TA2
Austenitic Stainless Steel:SUS304,SUS304L,SUS316,SUS316L,SUS310S,SUS321,SUS316Ti
2. Non-metallic Expansion joints
Non-metallic compensators can be divided into the following types: straight cylindrical non-metallic expansion joints, compound non-metallic expansion joints, angular non-metallic expansion joints, and square non-metallic expansion joints.
Rectangular non-metallic compensators are mainly used in flue ducts of power plants to absorb thermal displacement and/or shock absorption. The connection types for rectangular non-metallic compensators include flange connection and nozzle connection.
Compensating segment length(h/m)
| 100 | 200 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 400 | 450 | 500 | 550 | 600 | 650 | 700 | 800 | 900 | |
Compensation volume(nm)
| Axial displacement (x/m) | -30 | -50 | -75 | -85 | -105 | -125 | -130 | -140 | -165 | -175 | -195 | -205 | -225 | -240 |
| +15 | +20 | +30 | +36 | +45 | +45 | +50 | +55 | +58 | +62 | +66 | +70 | +74 | +80 | ||
Lateral displacement (y/m) | ±10 | ±15 | ±25 | ±30 | ±45 | ±50 | ±60 | ±68 | ±7o | ±73 | ±75 | ±80 | ±85 | ±90 | |
Working Temperature (t°C) | a=100-200,b=200-300,c=300-450,d=450-500,e=500-600,f=600-700,g=700-1000 | ||||||||||||||
Working pressure P(Kpa) | ±10~±300,if the user requires, the pressure beyond the range, can be designed separately. | ||||||||||||||
Flow rate | a——b | v=8——15 | |||||||||||||
| c——d | v=8——20 | ||||||||||||||
Gas turbine exhaust duct
Desulfurization system
Flue ducts and exhaust systems of various industries
Coal-fired boilers, circulating sulfurized bed boilers
Flue ducts of waste heat boilers
3. Rectangular Non-metallic Compensator/Expansion Joint
The rectangular non-metallic compensator/expansion joint is crafted from flexible compensating components, flanges or couplings, insulation materials, bolt tie rods, and more. Within a compact size range, it offers significant axial, angular, and lateral displacement capabilities. Notably, it lacks reverse thrust due to its primary material composition of fiberglass fabric and coated products, ensuring force transmission is eliminated.
This compensator finds primary application in conveying systems for dust, gas, smoke, coal gas, and other gases. It adeptly compensates for displacements stemming from temperature variations, mechanical vibrations, and foundation subsidence. Leveraging non-metallic compensators simplifies design, minimizes the need for large supports, and reduces material and labor costs. Furthermore, it excels in sound and shock absorption, thanks to inherent properties of fiberglass fabric and insulation cotton, effectively dampening noise and vibration in boiler and fan systems. Additionally, it boasts excellent resistance to high temperatures, corrosion, and superior sealing performance, courtesy of coatings with high molecular materials like silicone and fluorine. Installation and maintenance procedures are hassle-free.
Compensation for Thermal Expansion: The non-metallic compensator/expansion joint can provide significant multidimensional compensation within a small size range.
Compensation for Mounting Error: In pipeline connections where system errors are inevitable, the non-metallic compensator/expansion joint can effectively eliminate misalignment.
Noise Reduction and Vibration Isolation: The inherent properties of fiber fabric and insulation cotton, such as sound absorption and vibration isolation, effectively reduce noise and vibration in systems like boilers and fans.
No Reverse Thrust: Due to the main material being fiberglass fabric, there is no transmission of force. The use of non-metallic expansion joints simplifies design.
Excellent Sealing Performance: Under the influence of various media, it maintains good sealing performance.Convenient Installation and Maintenance.
