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1. Expansion joints(compensators)
Expansion joints, commonly known as compensators, are flexible structures consisting of one or more bellows (elastic components), connectors, supports, flanges, conduits, and other accessories. They are installed on vessel shells or pipelines to accommodate additional stresses induced by temperature variations and mechanical vibrations. By leveraging the bellows' effective expansion and contraction, these joints compensate for dimensional changes in pipelines, conduits, and vessels caused by thermal expansion and contraction, as well as axial, lateral, and angular displacements. They also serve in noise reduction, vibration dampening, and heating supply systems.
To mitigate deformation or damage to heating pipelines due to thermal expansion or temperature stress, compensators are installed to absorb pipeline expansion, thus reducing stress on pipe walls and forces on valves or support structures. As elastic compensating components with free expansion and contraction, expansion joints offer reliable operation, excellent performance, compact structure, and other benefits, making them widely applicable in industries like chemical engineering, metallurgy, and nuclear energy.
For vessels, various expansion joint forms exist, with U-shaped bellows being the most common, followed by Ω-shaped and C-shaped joints. Pipeline expansion joints, on the other hand, are classified based on structural compensation, including universal, pressure balanced, hinged, and gimbal expansion joints.
| Main Item | Classification | Description |
Metal Expansion Joint | ElbowExpansion Joint | Forming the pipe into a U-shape or alternative configurations, known as tension bends, constitute a form of expansion joint that leverages the material's elastic deformation capability for compensation. They boast excellent strength, prolonged service life, and the capability for on-site production. However, they also have drawbacks such as occupying significant space, requiring higher steel consumption, and possessing higher friction resistance. Despite these limitations, tension bends are extensively utilized in various steam piping systems and long pipelines. |
Bellows Expansion Joint
| A bellows expansion joint is an expansion joint made of metal bellows. It can expand and contract along the axial direction of the pipeline, and also allows a small amount of bending. In order to prevent exceeding the allowable compensation amount, protective rods or rings are installed at both ends of the bellows, and guide supports are installed on both ends of the connected pipelines. There are also angular and lateral expansion joints, which can be used to compensate for rotational deformations and lateral deformations of pipelines. The advantages of these expansion joints are space-saving, material-saving, easy standardization, and mass production, but the disadvantage is the relatively short lifespan. Bellows expansion joints are generally used in short pipelines with low temperature and pressure. With the improvement of bellows production technology, the application scope of this type of expansion joint is expanding. Currently, bellows expansion joints can be used in pipe systems with a maximum pressure of 6.0 MPa. | |
Slip-Type Expansion Joint | The slip-type expansion joint comprises inner and outer sleeves allowing axial movement, sealed by a stuffing box. It compensates for axial expansion and rotation of pipelines. With sleeves, shells, and sealing materials, it's compact yet offers significant compensation. Ideal for hot water, steam, and grease, it slides to compensate thermal expansion. Its inner sleeve, connected to the pipeline, utilizes high-performance self-sealing dynamic seals for free sliding and sealing. Using synthetic material seals, it withstands high temperatures, corrosion, and aging. It ensures axial sliding and prevents medium leakage within the pipe. | |
Non-metallic Expansion Joint | Rubber Expansion Joint | Composed of rubber and rubber-fiber composite materials, steel flanges, sleeves, and insulation materials, it is mainly used for flexible connections between various fans and ducts. Its functions include shock absorption, noise reduction, sealing, medium resistance, easy displacement and installation. It is an ideal accessory for shock absorption, noise reduction, smoke and dust removal in the field of environmental protection. |
Fabric Expansion Joint | Fabric expansion joints are primarily composed of fiber fabric, rubber, and other high-temperature resistant materials. They serve to compensate for the vibration and deformation experienced by fans and ducts. These joints can handle axial, lateral, and angular compensation without generating thrust, which simplifies support design. They offer corrosion resistance, high-temperature resistance, noise reduction, and vibration reduction. Particularly suitable for hot blast pipes and smoke and dust pipelines in power plants, these non-metallic compensators also absorb sound and isolate vibration due to their fiber fabric and insulation cotton. As a result, they effectively reduce noise and vibration in boiler and fan systems. With a simple structure, lightweight, and easy maintenance, fabric expansion joints are highly practical. |
Super Austenitic Stainless Steel:254SMO,904L,AL6XN
Duplex Stainless Steel :2205 Dual phase steel (S31803)
Nickel Based Alloy Steel:INCOLOY800/800H/800HT/840/825,INCONEL600/601/690/625/X-750
Hastelloy Alloy C-276/C-22/X,MONEL400/K500
Pure Nickel:N4,N6(Ni200,Ni201)
Titanium Plate For Stamping:GR1,GR2,TA1,TA2
Austenitic Stainless Steel:SUS304,SUS304L,SUS316,SUS316L,SUS310S,SUS321,SUS316Ti
2. Metal Expansion joints(compensators)
