Butt Welding Bend Nickel Alloy Pipe Fittings Elbow China Monel 400 45/90/180 Degree

1. Nickel based alloy Introduction

Nickel-based alloys refer to a class of materials that exhibit exceptional strength and demonstrate a certain degree of resistance to oxidation and corrosion at elevated temperatures ranging from 650-1000 ℃. Based on their primary characteristics, these alloys are further categorized into several subclasses, including nickel-based heat-resistant alloys, corrosion-resistant alloys, wear-resistant alloys, precision alloys, and shape memory alloys. High-temperature alloys, in general, are grouped into three main categories: iron-based, nickel-based, and cobalt-based high-temperature alloys, depending on their distinct matrix compositions. Nickel-based high-temperature alloys are commonly known simply as nickel-based alloys.

• Corrosion resistant alloy

Nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloys are renowned for their excellent comprehensive performance, particularly in enduring various acid corrosion and stress corrosion. Their key alloying elements include copper, chromium, and molybdenum. One of the earliest applications, dating back to 1905 in the United States, was the nickel-copper (Ni-Cu) alloy, commonly known as Monel alloy (Ni 70 Cu30). Additionally, nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloys, nickel-molybdenum (Ni-Mo) alloys (primarily referring to Hastelloy B series), and nickel-chromium-molybdenum (Ni-Cr-Mo) alloys (such as Hastelloy C series) are also widely used. Pure nickel itself serves as a typical representative of nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloys.

These nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloys are primarily utilized in the manufacture of components for demanding environments such as the petroleum, chemical, and power industries. These alloys often exhibit an austenitic structure, with intermetallic phases and metal carbonitrides present within the austenite matrix and grain boundaries, even after solid solution and aging treatments.

Based on their composition and characteristics, various corrosion-resistant alloys are classified as follows:

Ni-Cu alloys possess superior corrosion resistance compared to nickel in reducing media and better corrosion resistance than copper in oxidizing media. They are the preferred material for resisting high-temperature fluorine gas, hydrogen fluoride, and hydrofluoric acid in the absence of oxygen and oxidants.
Ni-Cr alloys, also known as nickel-based heat-resistant alloys, are primarily used under oxidizing conditions. They are resistant to high-temperature oxidation and corrosion from gases like sulfur and vanadium, with corrosion resistance increasing with the chromium content. This type of alloy also exhibits good resistance to hydroxide corrosion (e.g., NaOH, KOH) and stress corrosion.
Ni-Mo alloys, primarily referring to the Hastelloy B series, possess unique properties that are highly suited for specific applications.
The diverse composition and characteristics of these nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloys enable them to cater to a wide range of demanding industrial applications.

• Wear-resistant alloy

The main alloying elements are chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, and also contain small amounts of niobium, tantalum, and indium. In addition to its wear resistance, it also has good oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, and welding performance. It can manufacture wear-resistant components and also serve as a coating material, which can be coated on the surface of other substrate materials through welding and spraying processes.
Nickel based composite powders include self fusing alloy powders and non self fusing alloy powders.
Non self fluxing nickel based powder refers to nickel based alloy powder that does not contain B, Si or has a low content of B and Si. This type of powder is widely used in plasma arc spraying coatings, flame spraying coatings, and plasma surface strengthening. Mainly including: Ni Cr alloy powder, Ni Cr Mo alloy powder, Ni Cr Fe alloy powder, Ni Cu alloy powder, Ni-P and Ni Cr P alloy powder, Ni Cr Mo Fe alloy powder, Ni Cr Mo Si high wear-resistant alloy powder, Ni Cr Fe Al alloy powder, Ni Cr Fe Al B-Si alloy powder, Ni Cr Si alloy powder, Ni Cr Si alloy powder, Ni Cr W based wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant alloy powder, etc.
Adding an appropriate amount of B and Si to nickel alloy powder forms nickel based self fluxing alloy powder. The so-called self fluxing alloy powder, also known as low melting alloy, is a series of powder materials formed by adding alloy elements (mainly boron and silicon) that can form low melting point eutectic crystals to nickel, cobalt, and iron-based alloys. The commonly used nickel based self fluxing alloy powders include Ni B Si alloy powder, Ni Cr B-Si alloy powder, Ni Cr B-Si Mo, Ni Cr B-Si Mo Cu, high molybdenum nickel based self fluxing alloy powder, high chromium molybdenum nickel based self fluxing alloy powder, Ni Cr W-C based self fluxing alloy powder, high copper self fluxing alloy powder, tungsten carbide dispersed nickel based self fluxing alloy powder, etc.
The role of various elements in alloys:
A: The effect of boron and silicon elements: significantly reduce the melting point of the alloy, expand the solid-liquid temperature range, and form low melting eutectic; Deoxygenation reduction and slagging function; Hardening and strengthening effects on coatings; Improve operational process performance
B: The role of copper element: improving corrosion resistance to non oxidizing acids
C: The role of chromium element: solid solution strengthening effect, passivation effect; Improve corrosion resistance and high-temperature oxidation resistance; Excess chromium is prone to form hard phases of chromium carbide and chromium boride with carbon and boron, thereby improving the hardness and wear resistance of the alloy
D: The role of molybdenum element: With a large atomic radius, solid solution causes significant lattice distortion, significantly strengthening the alloy matrix, improving the high-temperature strength and red hardness of the matrix; Can cut and reduce the network tissue in the coating; Improve resistance to cavitation and erosion.

• Precision alloy

Including nickel based soft magnetic alloys, nickel based precision resistance alloys, and nickel based electric heating alloys. The most commonly used soft magnetic alloy is a bimetallic alloy containing about 80% nickel, which has high maximum and initial magnetic permeability, low coercivity, and is an important iron core material in the electronic industry. The main alloying elements of nickel based precision resistance alloys are chromium, aluminum, and copper. These alloys have high electrical resistivity, low temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity, and good corrosion resistance, and are used to make resistors. Nickel based electric heating alloy is a nickel alloy containing 20% chromium, which has good oxidation and corrosion resistance and can be used for a long time at temperatures ranging from 1000 to 1100 ℃.

2. Monel 400 Seamless,welded Pipe Elbow

Monel 400 alloy (UNS N04400 or MCu-28-1.5-1.8 or Ni68Cu28Fe) is a nickel based alloy material with good corrosion resistance in seawater, chemical solvents, ammonia sulfur chlorine, hydrogen chloride, various acidic media such as sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, organic acids, alkaline media, salts, and molten salts.
Monel 400 alloy has excellent mechanical properties and is widely used at temperatures ranging from low to high, exhibiting excellent welding performance and medium to high strength.
Monel 400 is mainly used in fields such as chemistry, petrochemicals, and ocean development. It can be used to manufacture various heat exchange equipment, boiler feedwater heaters, petroleum and chemical pipelines, containers, towers, tanks, valves, pumps, reactors, shafts, etc.

Specification

Specifications : ASTM B366 / ASTM SB 366M

Dimensions : ANSI/ASME B16.9, B16.28, MSS-SP-43.

Size : NB ½" -24″ seamless, NB2"-72" welded in Sch 10s, 40s, 80s, 160s, XXS.

3. Application area

Nickel-based alloys are extensively utilized across numerous industries, including:

Ocean Engineering: They are crucial in marine structures, desalination processes, aquaculture applications, and the heat exchange of seawater.

Environmental Protection: Nickel-based alloys are integral in flue gas desulfurization devices for thermal power plants and wastewater treatment facilities.

Energy Sector: They play a pivotal role in atomic power generation, the comprehensive utilization of coal, and tidal power generation.

Petrochemical Industry: Nickel-based alloys are essential in refining processes and the manufacture of chemical equipment.

Food Industry: They are used in salt production and soy sauce brewing processes, among other applications.