Single-Speed Transmissions: Many electric cars have single-speed transmissions or direct-drive
systems, which use a fixed gear ratio. This simplifies the
drivetrain and eliminates the need for shifting gears, as electric
motors can operate efficiently across a wide range of speeds. In
such cases, the gear function is primarily focused on adapting the
motor torque to the wheel torque requirements.
Gearbox Reduction: In some electric cars, especially those with high-performance or
specialized applications, multi-speed gearboxes may be utilized.
These gearboxes enable the electric motor to operate in its optimal
efficiency range by adjusting the gear ratio according to the
driving conditions, resulting in improved performance or extended
range.
Differential: Gears are integral components of the differential system in
electric cars. The differential allows the wheels to rotate at
different speeds while maintaining power distribution. Gears within
the differential enable torque distribution between the wheels,
ensuring smooth and controlled handling.
Auxiliary Systems: Gears can also be used in auxiliary systems of electric cars. For
example, gears may be employed in systems such as power steering,
cooling fans, or air conditioning compressors, where they
contribute to driving and controlling these systems.