Lanthanum Metal La Rare Earth

Lanthanum, atomic no. 57, symbol La, weight at 138.91, is the first element in the rare earth or lanthanide series. It is the model for all the other trivalent rare earths. After cerium, it is the second most abundant of the rare earths.

Lanthanum-rich lanthanide compounds have been used extensively for cracking reactions in FCC catalysts, especially to manufacture high-octane gasoline from heavy crude oil.

Lanthanum-Rich Rare Earth metals play the important roles in hydrogen storage bettaries.

Lanthanide zirconates are used for their catalytic and conductivity properties and lanthanum stabilized zirconia has useful electronic and mechanical properties.

Usage

Lanthanum is a component in misch metal. Pyrophoric flint materials contain 25 to 45 weight percent lanthanum. In addition, it finds use as a reducing agent in metallurgy. As a cast iron addition, it supports the formation of spheroidal graphite, as an alloying additive, it improves the oxidation resistance. Lanthanum admixtures reduce the hardness and temperature sensitivity of molybdenum.

High-quality cathodes for generating free electrons consist of lanthanum hexaboride as a substitute for tungsten wire. High-purity lanthanum oxide is used in the glass industry for the production of high-quality glasses with a high refractive index for the optics z. B. used for camera lenses.

with cobalt:

The cobalt-lanthanum alloy LaCo5 is used as a magnetic material, lanthanum-doped barium titanate for the production of PTC thermistors (temperature-dependent resistors). In conjunction with cobalt, iron, manganese, strontium and others, it serves as a cathode for high-temperature fuel cells (SOFC). "Contaminated" lanthanum nickel (LaNi5) is used as hydrogen storage in nickel metal hydride storage batteries. In addition, it comes in carbon arc lamps for studio lighting and in film projection systems (historical application?) Before.

with titanium:

An alloying metal with material compositions of lanthanum and titanium, the effect is attributed to the fact that with chip-forming processing, the chip length is reduced. This should facilitate the processing of the metal.

In the field of medicine, corrosion-resistant and easily sterilizable instruments are produced from the alloying metal. This titanium-based metal alloy is said to be particularly well-suited for surgical tools and apparatus because the allergy propensity of using such metal alloy with titanium relative to other alloys should be low.

As lanthanum oxide:

Production of glasses (Lanthanglas) with comparatively high refractive index, which in turn changes only slightly with the wavelength (low dispersion), for cameras, telescope lenses and for spectacle lenses
Production of crystal glass and porcelain stains. It replaces more toxic lead compounds with simultaneous improvement of chemical resistance (improvement of alkali resistance, "dishwasher safe")
Catalyst addition to zeolites during fluid catalytic cracking in the oil refinery.  Production of ceramic condenser masses and silicate-free glasses component of glass polishers. Production of hot cathodes for electron tubes (also lanthanum borides)

As lanthanum carbonate:

Drug for lowering the phosphate level in dialysis patients (so-called phosphate binder)

Lanthanum is classified as low in toxicity. A toxic dose is unknown. However, lanthanum powder is considered to be highly corrosive because it reacts very easily, for example by skin moisture, to basic lanthanum hydroxide (similar to the elements calcium and strontium). The lethal dose in rats is 720 mg.

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