ASME Carbon Steel Serpentine Tube Boiler Reheater Superheater Horizontal Layout

 
For power plant boiler, it is a crutial way to increase thermal economy of thermal power station by improving parameter of superheated steam. The increase of superheated steam parameters are limited by metal materials. The design of superheaters must make sure that the temperature of outer wall of heating surface pipes is lower than allowable temperature of oxidation resistance of steel, and meanwhile make sure its mechanical strength. with the development of metal material used in boilers, pwoer station boilers in our country already generally apply high pressure, high temperature(9.8MPa, 540 degrees) and superhigh pressure parameters(13.7 MPa, 540 and 555 degrees), and have developed subcritical pressure parameters(16.7MPa, 540 and 555 degrees). Now lots of boilers apply supercritical pressure parameters(24.5MPa, 540-570 degrees), and even very few units apply higher pressure and temperture parameters.
 
 

 
For boilers in large power stations, superheaters and reheaters are necessary parts, to a large extend, they have influced the safety and economy of boilers. Superheaters are the heating surfaces which heat the main steam from the surnatured temperature to the rated superheated temperature, and the reheaters are the heating surfaces which heat the exaust from the steam turbine high pressure cylinder to a certain temperature.When running conditions like boiler loads, coal types change, it is to adjust them to make sure the outlet temperature at the rated level of -10-+5 degrees.
 
For large boilers in power stations, superheaters and reheaters account for a big proportion in the total heating surfaces, they are to be arranged in the areas where smoke is with higher temperature. To improve the efficiency of thermal circulation in power stations, it is needed to improve the original parameters f steam gradually, the increase of steam pressure requires the corresponding increase of temperature for superheated steam, or the humidity of large stage exhaust of steam turbine will be too high, which will influence its safety. Thus, the steam flowing through superheaters and reheaters are high temperature steam, their heat transfer performance is quite bad, which determines that tube wall temperatures of superheaters and reheaters are high.
 
 
Functions and characteristics of superheaters and reheaters
 
functions of superheaters and reheaters:
 
Superheaters and reheaters are important parts for the heating surfaces, used to increase steam temperature, aiming to improve steam enthalpy and further to increase the thermal circulation efficiency for power station.
 
Superheaters work to heat surnatured steam to superheated steam with a certain tempetature. When boiler loads or other working conditions change, it is necessary to make sure superheated steam temperature to be normal, and within allowable range of temperature variation.
 
From the thermal circulation in power station, the original parameters of pressure and temperature is higher, the thermal efficiency of circulation is better, or the steam humidity of the steam turbine rear is too high, influencing its safety. While the superheaer steam temperature is limited by metal materials, at present, due to limitation of metal materials, superheated temperature for most power station boilers are still within the range of 540-555 dgrees, and to avoid the steam humidity of blade of steam turbine rear too big, thus middle reheating system is applied.
 
Functions of reheaters are to heat exhaust of steam turbine high pressure cylinder to the reheated temperature which is close or equal to superheated temperature, and then send them to middle pressure cylinder and low pressure to expand and work to increase the dryness of blace of steam turbine rear. Usually, the pressure of reheated steam is one fifth of that of superheated steam. Application of reheating system can increase the thermal efficiency for power stations by 4-5%.
 
So far in our country, units with capacity over 125mw all apply one time middle reheating system. Double reheating can increase again the thermal efficiency of circulation by 2%, but the system is very complicated, it is not applied for national units, but it is common for large boilers overseas.
 
 

 
Principle
 
• Principle of superheater is similar to steam generating tubes of boiler.
• The hot gases at high temperature sweep over superheater tubes and raise the temperature of steam which magnitude depends upon exit gas temperature leaving the superheater and gas velocity.

Application
 
use for heating saturated steam, steam temperature could be up to 900 degree C.
Superheater Capacity Upgrades to Increase Power Generation
 
Send us required technical data, such as steam capacity, presure, required temperature etc. We will design accordingly.
 
Differences