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[China]
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Address: No.283-1, Youyi Middle Road, Xishan District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province
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JIANGSU MITTEL STEEL INDUSTRIAL LIMITED |
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Stainless steels are high-alloy steels which have high corrosion resistance compared to other steels due to the presence of large amounts of chromium. Based on their crystalline structure, they are divided into three types such as ferritic, austenitic, and martensitic steels. Another group of stainless steels are precipitation-hardened steels. They are a combination of martensitic and austenitic steels.
Grade 440C stainless steel is a high carbon martensitic stainless steel. It has high strength, moderate corrosion resistance, and good hardness and wear resistance. Grade 440C is capable of attaining, after heat treatment, the highest strength, hardness and wear resistance of all the stainless alloys. Its very high carbon content is responsible for these characteristics, which make 440C particularly suited to such applications as ball bearings and valve parts.
Typical applications include:
UNS: ASTM/ASTE S44000
DIN: 1.4125
Annealing – Full anneal – 850-900°C, slow furnace cool to about 600°C and then air cool. Sub-critical Annealing – 735-785°C and slow furnace cool.
Hardening – Heat to 1010-1065°C, followed by quenching in warm oil or air. Oil quenching is necessary for heavy sections. Immediately temper at 150-370°C to obtain a wide variety of hardness values and mechanical properties as indicated in the accompanying table.
Tempering in the range 425-565°C is to be avoided because of reduced impact resistance and corrosion resistance. Tempering in the range 590-675°C results in lower hardness (the product become machinable) and high impact resistance.
If welding is necessary pre-heat at 250°C and follow welding with a full anneal. Grade 420 filler will give a high hardness weld (although not as high as the 440C), but 309 or 310 will produce soft welds with higher ductility.
In the annealed condition this grade is relatively easily machined; approximately the same as for high speed steel. Chips are tough and stringy so chip breakers are important. If these grades are hardened machining becomes more difficult and probably impossible.
Compostion
| Grade | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | N | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 440C | min. max. | 0.95 1.20 | - 1 | - 1 | - 0.04 | - 0.030 | 16.00 18.00 | - 0.75 | - | - |
Mechanical Properties
| Tempering Temperature (°C) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Yield Strength 0.2% Proof (MPa) | Elongation (% in 50mm) | Hardness Rockwell (HR C) | Impact Charpy V (J) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annealed* | 758 | 448 | 14 | 269HB max# | - |
| 204 | 2030 | 1900 | 4 | 59 | 9 |
| 260 | 1960 | 1830 | 4 | 57 | 9 |
| 316 | 1860 | 1740 | 4 | 56 | 9 |
| 371 | 1790 | 1660 | 4 | 56 | 9 |
Physical Properties
| Grade | Density (kg/m3) | Elastic Modulus (GPa) | Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (mm/m/°C) | Thermal Conductivity(W/m.K) | Specific Heat 0-100°C (J/kg.K) | Electrical Resistivity (nW.m) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0-100°C | 0-200°C | 0-600°C | at 100°C | at 500°C | |||||
| 440 C | 7650 | 200 | 10.1 | 10.3 | 11.7 | 24.2 | - | 460 | 600 |
Possible Alternative Grades
| Grade | Why it might be chosen instead of 440C |
|---|---|
| 440A/B | Slightly softer and more corrosion resistant grade needed |
| 440F | High machinability required, with same hardness and hardenability as 440C |
| 420 | Lower strength and hardness needed than any of the 440 grades |
| 416 | Higher machinability required, and the much lower hardness and strength is still adequate |
