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ruby rod Laser Technology Medical Instruments made from synthetic sapphire dia 1×7cm
The Ruby Rod, a cylindrical component typically crafted from synthetic ruby (aluminum oxide), embodies unique optical and physical properties that render it indispensable across diverse applications. With diameters spanning from millimeters to centimeters and customizable lengths, these rods serve as pivotal elements in laser technology, particularly in the creation of ruby lasers with a characteristic wavelength of 694 nanometers, emitting vibrant orange-red light. Their refractive index, approximately 1.77, showcases their suitability for optical applications.
The thermal conductivity of Ruby Rods, measuring around 0.035 W/(cm·K), and their exceptional hardness, scoring approximately 9 on the Mohs scale, contribute to their resilience in challenging environments. This robustness, coupled with good temperature stability, positions Ruby Rods as core components in medical aesthetic devices for procedures like laser tattoo removal and pigmented lesion treatment.
Beyond medical applications, Ruby Rods find extensive use in optical research, industrial processes such as laser cutting and welding, and the calibration of optical instruments like spectrometers. Their fluorescence properties, contingent on specific wavelengths and excitation conditions, make them valuable in scientific experiments.
In education, Ruby Rods play a vital role in illustrating optical principles and laser concepts. Their versatility and adaptability, stemming from a combination of precise engineering and material excellence, make Ruby Rods indispensable in advancing technology, driving research, and facilitating innovative applications across a spectrum of industries.
Ruby rods, crafted predominantly from synthetic ruby (aluminum oxide), boast key features that set them apart in various applications. One defining characteristic is their versatility in diameter, ranging from a few millimeters to centimeters, providing adaptability to different use cases. This flexibility extends to customizable lengths, tailoring the rods to specific requirements.
At the core of their significance is their role in laser technology. Ruby rods serve as essential components in ruby lasers, emitting coherent light at a wavelength of approximately 694 nanometers, contributing to their distinctive orange-red spectrum. The unique refractive index of around 1.77 underscores their suitability for optical applications, ensuring efficient light propagation.
Ruby rods exhibit exceptional hardness, scoring approximately 9 on the Mohs scale, showcasing their durability and resilience. This hardness, coupled with a thermal conductivity of about 0.035 W/(cm·K), contributes to their stability in challenging thermal environments, making them integral to medical aesthetic devices like laser tattoo removal tools.
The fluorescence properties of ruby rods, contingent on specific wavelengths and excitation conditions, enhance their utility in scientific experiments and optical research. In industrial contexts, these rods find application in laser cutting and welding processes, showcasing their versatility across sectors.
Beyond their functional aspects, ruby rods play a pivotal role in educational settings, serving as tangible demonstrations of optical principles and laser concepts. This educational value, combined with their precision engineering, positions ruby rods as invaluable tools for advancing technology and driving innovation across diverse industries, from medical aesthetics to scientific research and beyond.
Ruby rods, predominantly engineered from synthetic ruby (aluminum oxide), encapsulate a set of key features that render them indispensable across a spectrum of applications. With diameters ranging from a few millimeters to centimeters, these rods exhibit a remarkable adaptability, accommodating diverse use cases. Additionally, their lengths are customizable, allowing tailored configurations to meet specific requirements.
A hallmark application of ruby rods lies in laser technology, where they serve as essential components in ruby lasers. Emitting coherent light at a distinctive wavelength of approximately 694 nanometers, these rods contribute to the creation of lasers with a vibrant orange-red spectrum. The unique refractive index, around 1.77, further emphasizes their suitability for optical applications, ensuring efficient light propagation and manipulation.
The exceptional hardness of ruby rods, scoring approximately 9 on the Mohs scale, stands as a testament to their durability and resilience. This inherent hardness, coupled with a commendable thermal conductivity of about 0.035 W/(cm·K), establishes their stability even in challenging thermal environments. Consequently, ruby rods find integral application in medical aesthetic devices, particularly in laser tattoo removal tools, where precision and reliability are paramount.
Beyond their fundamental characteristics, the fluorescence properties of ruby rods, contingent on specific wavelengths and excitation conditions, enhance their utility in scientific experiments and optical research. In industrial contexts, these rods are pivotal in processes such as laser cutting and welding, showcasing their versatility and effectiveness across sectors.
Apart from their functional significance, ruby rods play a crucial role in educational settings, serving as tangible and illustrative tools for conveying optical principles and laser concepts. This educational value, coupled with the precision engineering embedded in ruby rods, positions them as invaluable instruments for advancing technology and driving innovation across diverse industries. From medical aesthetics to scientific research, the ruby rod's key abstract lies in its ability to combine material excellence with functional versatility, thereby shaping advancements in various technological domains.
| Density | 3.98 g/cc | Refractive index at 700 nm | 1.7638 Ordinary Ray | ||
| Melting Point | 2040° | 1.7556 Extraordinary Ray | |||
| Young's Modulus | 345 Gpa | Birefringence | 0.008 | ||
| MOR | 425 MPa | Refractive Index vs. Chromium Concentration | 3 x 10-3 (Δn / % Cr2O3) | ||
| Compressive Strength | 2.0 Gpa | Fluorescent Lifetime at 0.05% Cr2O3 | 3 ms at 300 K | ||
| Hardness | 9 Mhos, 2000 Knoop | Fluorescent Linewidth (R1) | 5.0 Å at 300K | ||
| Thermal Expansion | 20° to 50° C | 5.8 x 10-6 / ° C | Output Wavelength (R1) | 6.94.3 nm | |
| 20°to 200° C | 7.7 x 10-6 / ° C | Major Pump Bands | 404 nm and 554 nm | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | at 0° C | 46.02 W / (m•K) | |||
| at 100° C | 25.10 W / (m•K) | ||||
| at 400° C | 12.55 W / (m•K) | All values are for 60° orientation material | |||
| Material | |||
| Crystallographic orientation, optical (c - axis) to rod axis | 60° within 5° | ||
| Dopant Concentration: Cr2O3 Weight Per Cent Substitution for Al2O3 | 0.05% ± 0.005% | ||
| 0.03% ± 0.005% | |||
| Optical Quality, Double - Pass Interferometer set for minimum fringes in rod, all diameters to 1.00" (25.4 mm) | SIQ GRADE | SELECT GRADE | |
| 0.5 fringes / inch of length | 0.25 fringes / inch of length | ||
| Corefree Diameter | 0.756" and smaller | 0.625" and smaller | |
| Bubbles, inclusions, scattering sites as viewed in white,focused illuminator light and under crossed polarisers | Free of imperfections visible to the naked eye | ||
| Fabrication | |||
| Diameter Tolerance | ± 0.001" (0.025 mm) | ||
| Length Tolerance | (Plano / Plano) | ± 0.030" (0.75 mm) | |
| Barrel Finish - Standard | 30 microinch CLA | ||
| Polished Barrel Finish - Special Order | 80 - 50 | ||
| End Face Bevel | 0.005" / 0.010" (0.1 / 0.25 mm) non - focusing radius type;bevel to 0.013" allowed to remove chips on large rods | ||
| Chips | None on polished and faces. Up to 0.012" (0.3 mm) allowed to lie in area of bevel and extend into barrel surface | ||
| Flatness | Rod Diameters 0.590" (15 mm) and smaller | 1 / 10th wave over 90% of diameter | |
| Rod Diameter 0.625" (16 mm) and larger | <1 / 5th wave over 90% of diameter | ||
| Parallelism of ends faces (measured geometrically with autocollimator and precision rotary table; 2 readings 90° rotation) | |||
| Plano / Plano | 10 seconds of arc or less | ||
| Wedge / Wedge | 20 seconds of arc or less | ||
| Brewster / Brewster | 30 seconds of arc or less | ||
| Perpendicularity of end faces to rod axis | Standard | 5 minutes of arc or less | |
| Special Order | 2 minutes of arc or less | ||
| Surface Finish (viewed in low - angle, reflected light from high - intensity | Standard | 20 - 10 | |
| microscope illuminator with condenser, by naked eye and 5X loupe) | Special Order | 10 - 5 | |
| Brewster Angle | 20° 34' | ||
| Brewster Angle Tolerance | ± 30 minutes | ||
| Wedge Angle | 15' to 8° | ||
| Wedge Angle Tolerance | ± 10 minutes | ||
| Anti - Reflection Coating | Single layer magnesium fluoride, suitable for high power laser operation. Reflectivity at 694 nm is less than 0.25% per end face. | ||
| Meets adherence and abrasion resistance of MIL - C - 48497 | |||
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