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Small Size Light Weight 3 Phase PMSM Motor For Induction Motor Replacement
What Is The Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor?
The Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is a type of electric
motor that operates using permanent magnets embedded in its rotor.
It is also sometimes referred to as a brushless AC motor or a
synchronous permanent magnet motor.
In a PMSM, the stator (the stationary part of the motor) contains a
series of coils that are energized in a sequence to create a
rotating magnetic field. The rotor (the rotating part of the motor)
contains a series of permanent magnets that are arranged to produce
a magnetic field that interacts with the magnetic field produced by
the stator.
As the two magnetic fields interact, the rotor rotates, producing
mechanical energy that can be used to power machinery or other
devices. Because the permanent magnets in the rotor provide a
strong, constant magnetic field, PMSMs are highly efficient and
require less energy to operate than other types of electric motors.
PMSMs are used in a wide variety of applications, including
electric vehicles, industrial machinery, and household appliances.
They are known for their high efficiency, low maintenance
requirements, and precise control, which makes them a popular
choice for many different types of systems.
Working of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor:
The working of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is very
simple, fast, and effective when compared to conventional motors.
The working of PMSM depends on the rotating magnetic field of the
stator and the constant magnetic field of the rotor. The permanent
magnets are used as the rotor to create constant magnetic flux, and
operate and lock at synchronous speed. These types of motors are
similar to brushless DC motors.
The phasor groups are formed by joining the windings of the stator
with one another. These phasor groups are joined together to form
different connections like a star, Delta, and double and single
phases. To reduce harmonic voltages, the windings should be wound
shortly with each other.
When the 3-phase AC supply is given to the stator, it creates a
rotating magnetic field and the constant magnetic field is induced
due to the permanent magnet of the rotor. This rotor operates in
synchronism with the synchronous speed. The whole working of the
PMSM depends on the air gap between the stator and rotor with no
load.
If the air gap is large, then the windage losses of the motor will
be reduced. The field poles created by the permanent magnet are
salient. The permanent magnet synchronous motors are not
self-starting motors. So, it is necessary to control the variable
frequency of the stator electronically.
EMF and Torque Equation
In a synchronous machine, the average EMF induced per phase is
called dynamic induces EMF in a synchronous motor, the flux cut by
each conductor per revolution is Pϕ Weber
Then the time taken to complete one revolution is 60/N sec
The average EMF induced per conductor can be calculated by using
( PϕN / 60 ) x Zph = ( PϕN / 60 ) x 2Tph
Where Tph = Zph / 2
Therefore, the average EMF per phase is,
= 4 x ϕ x Tph x PN/120 = 4ϕfTph
Where Tph = no. Of turns connected in series per phase
ϕ = flux/pole in Weber
P= no. Of poles
F= frequency in Hz
Zph= no. Of conductors connected in series per phase. = Zph/3
The EMF equation depends on the coils and the conductors on the
stator. For this motor, the distribution factor Kd and pitch factor
Kp are also considered.
Hence, E = 4 x ϕ x f x Tph xKd x Kp
The torque equation of a permanent magnet synchronous motor is
given as,
T = (3 x Eph x Iph x sinβ) / ωm
Permanent magnet AC (PMAC) motors have a wide range of applications
including:
Industrial Machinery: PMAC motors are used in a variety of
industrial machinery applications, such as pumps, compressors,
fans, and machine tools. They offer high efficiency, high power
density, and precise control, making them ideal for these
applications.
Robotics: PMAC motors are used in robotics and automation
applications, where they offer high torque density, precise
control, and high efficiency. They are often used in robotic arms,
grippers, and other motion control systems.
HVAC Systems: PMAC motors are used in heating, ventilation, and air
conditioning (HVAC) systems, where they offer high efficiency,
precise control, and low noise levels. They are often used in fans
and pumps in these systems.
Renewable Energy Systems: PMAC motors are used in renewable energy
systems, such as wind turbines and solar trackers, where they offer
high efficiency, high power density, and precise control. They are
often used in the generators and tracking systems in these systems.
Medical Equipment: PMAC motors are used in medical equipment, such
as MRI machines, where they offer high torque density, precise
control, and low noise levels. They are often used in the motors
that drive the moving parts in these machines.
Advantages:
Small And Lightweight
In special electromagnetic and structural design, the
volume-to-weight ratio is reduced by 20%, the length of the whole
machine is reduced by 10%, and the full rate of stator slots is
increased to 90%.
Highly Integrated
The motor and the inverter are highly integrated, avoiding the
external circuit connection between the motor and the inverter, and
improving the reliability of the system products.
Energy Efficient
High-performance rare-earth permanent magnet material, special
stator slot, and rotor structure make this motor efficient up to
IE4 standard.
Custom Design
Customized design and manufacture, dedicated to special machines,
reduce redundant functions and design margins and minimize costs.
Low Vibration And Noise
The motor is directly driven, the equipment noise and vibration are
small, and the impact on the construction work environment is
reduced.
Maintenance Free
No high-speed gear parts, no need to change gear lubricant
regularly, and truly maintenance-free equipment.
IPM VS SPM
A permanent magnet motor (also called PM) can be separated into two
main categories: Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) and Surface
Permanent Magnet (SPM). Both types generate magnetic flux by the
permanent magnets affixed to or inside of the rotor.
SPM
SURFACE PERMANENT MAGNET
A type of motor in which permanent magnets are attached to the
rotor circumference.
SPM motors have magnets affixed to the exterior of the rotor
surface, their mechanical strength is so weaker than the IPM ones.
The weakened mechanical strength limits the motor’s maximum safe
mechanical speed. In addition, these motors exhibit very limited
magnetic saliency (Ld ≈ Lq). Inductance values measured at the
rotor terminals are consistent regardless of the rotor position.
Because of the near unity saliency ratio, SPM motor designs rely
significantly, if not completely, on the magnetic torque component
to produce torque.
IPM
INTERIOR PERMANENT MAGNET
A type of motor that has a rotor embedded with permanent magnets is
called IPM.
IPM motors have a permanent magnet embedded into the rotor itself.
Unlike their SPM counterparts, the location of the permanent
magnets makes IPM motors very mechanically sound, and suitable for
operating at very high speeds. These motors also are defined by
their relatively high magnetic saliency ratio (Lq > Ld). Due to
their magnetic saliency, an IPM motor has the ability to generate
torque by taking advantage of both the magnetic and reluctance
torque components of the motor.
