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Neodymium Magnet Motor IP54 IP55 IP68

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Neodymium Magnet Motor IP54 IP55 IP68

Country/Region china
City & Province qingdao shandong
Categories Magnetic Materials
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Product Details

Frequency Conversion Neodymium Magnet 3 Phase PMSM Motor For Sale

 

What Is The Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor?

 

The Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is a type of electric motor that operates using permanent magnets embedded in its rotor. It is also sometimes referred to as a brushless AC motor or a synchronous permanent magnet motor.

 

In a PMSM, the stator (the stationary part of the motor) contains a series of coils that are energized in a sequence to create a rotating magnetic field. The rotor (the rotating part of the motor) contains a series of permanent magnets that are arranged to produce a magnetic field that interacts with the magnetic field produced by the stator.

 

As the two magnetic fields interact, the rotor rotates, producing mechanical energy that can be used to power machinery or other devices. Because the permanent magnets in the rotor provide a strong, constant magnetic field, PMSMs are highly efficient and require less energy to operate than other types of electric motors.

 

PMSMs are used in a wide variety of applications, including electric vehicles, industrial machinery, and household appliances. They are known for their high efficiency, low maintenance requirements, and precise control, which makes them a popular choice for many different types of systems.

 

Working of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor:

 

The working of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is very simple, fast, and effective when compared to conventional motors. The working of PMSM depends on the rotating magnetic field of the stator and the constant magnetic field of the rotor. The permanent magnets are used as the rotor to create constant magnetic flux and operate and lock at synchronous speed. These types of motors are similar to brushless DC motors.

 

The phasor groups are formed by joining the windings of the stator with one another. These phasor groups are joined together to form different connections like a star, Delta, and double and single phases. To reduce harmonic voltages, the windings should be wound shortly with each other.

 

When the 3-phase AC supply is given to the stator, it creates a rotating magnetic field and the constant magnetic field is induced due to the permanent magnet of the rotor. This rotor operates in synchronism with the synchronous speed. The whole working of the PMSM depends on the air gap between the stator and rotor with no load.

 

If the air gap is large, then the windage losses of the motor will be reduced. The field poles created by the permanent magnet are salient. The permanent magnet synchronous motors are not self-starting motors. So, it is necessary to control the variable frequency of the stator electronically.

 

PM motor structures

 

PM motor structures can be separated into two categories: interior and surface. Each category has its subset of categories. A surface PM motor can have its magnets on or inset into the surface of the rotor, to increase the robustness of the design. An interior permanent magnet motor positioning and design can vary widely. The IPM motor’s magnets can be inset as a large block or staggered as they come closer to the core. Another method is to have them embedded in a spoke pattern.

Detailed pictures
Self-sensing versus closed-loop operation
 
Recent advances in drive technology allow standard ac drives to “self-detect” and track the motor magnet position. A closed-loop system typically uses the z-pulse channel to optimize performance. Through certain routines, the drive knows the exact position of the motor magnet by tracking the A/B channels and correcting for errors with the z-channel. Knowing the exact position of the magnet allows for optimum torque production resulting in optimum efficiency.
 

Differences Between The Permanent Magnet Motor And Asynchronous Motor

 

01. Rotor Structure

Asynchronous motor: The rotor consists of an iron core and a winding, mainly squirrel-cage and wire-wound rotors. A squirrel-cage rotor is cast with aluminum bars. The magnetic field of the aluminum bar cutting the stator drives the rotor.

 

PMSM Motor: The permanent magnets are embedded in the rotor magnetic poles, and are driven to rotate by the rotating magnetic field generated in the stator according to the principle of magnetic poles of the same phase attracting different repulsions.

 

02. Efficiency

Asynchronous motors: Need to absorb current from the grid excitation, resulting in a certain amount of energy loss, motor reactive current, and low power factor.

 

PMSM Motor: The magnetic field is provided by permanent magnets, the rotor does not need exciting current, and the motor efficiency is improved.

 

03. Volume And Weight

The use of high-performance permanent magnet materials makes the air gap magnetic field of permanent magnet synchronous motors larger than that of asynchronous motors. The size and weight are reduced compared to asynchronous motors. It will be one or two frame sizes lower than asynchronous motors.

 

04. Motor Starting Current

Asynchronous motor: It is directly started by power frequency electricity, and the starting current is large, which can reach 5 to 7 times the rated current, which has a great impact on the power grid in an instant. The large starting current causes the leakage resistance voltage drop of the stator winding to increase, and the starting torque is small so heavy-duty starting cannot be achieved. Even if the inverter is used, it can only start within the rated output current range.

 

PMSM Motor: It is driven by a dedicated controller, which lacks the rated output requirements of the reducer. The actual starting current is small, the current is gradually increased according to the load, and the starting torque is large.

 

05. Power Factor

Asynchronous motors have a low power factor, they must absorb a large amount of reactive current from the power grid, the large starting current of asynchronous motors will cause a short-term impact on the power grid, and long-term use will cause certain damage to the power grid equipment and transformers. It is necessary to add power compensation units and perform reactive power compensation to ensure the quality of the power grid and increase the cost of equipment use.

 

There is no induced current in the rotor of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the power factor of the motor is high, which improves the quality factor of the power grid and eliminates the need to install a compensator.

 

06. Maintenance

Asynchronous motor + reducer structure will generate vibration, heat, high failure rate, large lubricant consumption, and high manual maintenance cost; it will cause certain downtime losses.

 

The three-phase Permanent magnet synchronous motor drives the equipment directly. Because the reducer is eliminated, the motor output speed is low, mechanical noise is low, mechanical vibration is small, and the failure rate is low. The entire drive system is almost maintenance-free.

 

EMF and Torque Equation

 

In a synchronous machine, the average EMF induced per phase is called dynamic induces EMF in a synchronous motor, the flux cut by each conductor per revolution is Pϕ Weber

Then the time taken to complete one revolution is 60/N sec

 

The average EMF induced per conductor can be calculated by using

 

( PϕN / 60 ) x Zph = ( PϕN / 60 ) x 2Tph

 

Where Tph = Zph / 2

 

Therefore, the average EMF per phase is,

 

= 4 x ϕ x Tph x PN/120 = 4ϕfTph

Where Tph = no. Of turns connected in series per phase

 

ϕ = flux/pole in Weber

 

P= no. Of poles

 

F= frequency in Hz

 

Zph= no. Of conductors connected in series per phase. = Zph/3

 

The EMF equation depends on the coils and the conductors on the stator. For this motor, the distribution factor Kd and pitch factor Kp are also considered.

 

Hence, E = 4 x ϕ x f x Tph xKd x Kp

 

The torque equation of a permanent magnet synchronous motor is given as,

 

T = (3 x Eph x Iph x sinβ) / ωm

 

 

Permanent magnet AC (PMAC) motors have a wide range of applications including:

 

Industrial Machinery: PMAC motors are used in a variety of industrial machinery applications, such as pumps, compressors, fans, and machine tools. They offer high efficiency, high power density, and precise control, making them ideal for these applications.

 

Robotics: PMAC motors are used in robotics and automation applications, where they offer high torque density, precise control, and high efficiency. They are often used in robotic arms, grippers, and other motion control systems.

 

HVAC Systems: PMAC motors are used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, where they offer high efficiency, precise control, and low noise levels. They are often used in fans and pumps in these systems.

 

Renewable Energy Systems: PMAC motors are used in renewable energy systems, such as wind turbines and solar trackers, where they offer high efficiency, high power density, and precise control. They are often used in the generators and tracking systems in these systems.

 

Medical Equipment: PMAC motors are used in medical equipment, such as MRI machines, where they offer high torque density, precise control, and low noise levels. They are often used in the motors that drive the moving parts in these machines.

 

SPM versus IPM

 

A PM motor can be separated into two main categories: surface permanent magnet motors (SPM) and interior permanent magnet motors (IPM). Neither motor design type contains rotor bars. Both types generate magnetic flux by the permanent magnets affixed to or inside of the rotor.

SPM motors have magnets affixed to the exterior of the rotor surface. Because of this mechanical mounting, their mechanical strength is weaker than that of IPM motors. The weakened mechanical strength limits the motor’s maximum safe mechanical speed. In addition, these motors exhibit very limited magnetic saliency (Ld ≈ Lq). Inductance values measured at the rotor terminals are consistent regardless of the rotor position. Because of the near unity saliency ratio, SPM motor designs rely significantly, if not completely, on the magnetic torque component to produce torque.

 

IPM motors have a permanent magnet embedded into the rotor itself. Unlike their SPM counterparts, the location of the permanent magnets makes IPM motors very mechanically sound, and suitable for operating at very high speeds. These motors also are defined by their relatively high magnetic saliency ratio (Lq > Ld). Due to their magnetic saliency, an IPM motor has the ability to generate torque by taking advantage of both the magnetic and reluctance torque components of the motor.

 

IPM (Interior Permanent Magnet) Motor Features

 

High torque and high efficiency
High torque and high output are achieved by using reluctance torque in addition to magnetic torque.

 

Energy-saving operation
It consumes up to 30% less power compared to conventional SPM motors.

 

High-speed rotation
It can respond to high-speed motor rotation by controlling the two types of torque using vector control.

 

Safety
Since the permanent magnet is embedded, mechanical safety is improved as, unlike in an SPM, the magnet will not detach due to centrifugal force.

 

Why you should choose an IPM motor instead of an SPM?

 

1. High torque is achieved by using reluctance torque in addition to magnetic torque.

 

2. IPM motors consume up to 30% less power compared to conventional electric motors.

 

3. Mechanical safety is improved as, unlike in an SPM, the magnet will not detach due to centrifugal force.

 

4. It can respond to high-speed motor rotation by controlling the two types of torque using vector control.

 

Flux weakening/intensifying of PM motors

 

Flux in a permanent magnet motor is generated by the magnets. The flux field follows a certain path, which can be boosted or opposed. Boosting or intensifying the flux field will allow the motor to temporarily increase torque production. Opposing the flux field will negate the existing magnet field of the motor. The reduced magnet field will limit torque production, but reduce the back-emf voltage. The reduced back-emf voltage frees up the voltage to push the motor to operate at higher output speeds. Both types of operation require additional motor current. The direction of the motor current across the d-axis, provided by the motor controller, determines the desired effect.

 

The development trend of rare earth permanent magnet motors

Rare earth permanent magnet motors are developing towards high power (high speed, high torque), high functionality and miniaturization, and are constantly expanding new motor varieties and application fields, and the application prospects are very optimistic. In order to meet the needs, the design and manufacturing process of rare earth permanent magnet motors still need to be continuously innovated, the electromagnetic structure will be more complex, the calculation structure will be more accurate, and the manufacturing process will be more advanced and applicable.

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