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Low Speed Brushless And Gearless Direct Drive Permanent Magnet Motor
What Is The Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor?
The Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is a type of electric
motor that operates using permanent magnets embedded in its rotor.
It is also sometimes referred to as a brushless AC motor or a
synchronous permanent magnet motor.
In a PMSM, the stator (the stationary part of the motor) contains a
series of coils that are energized in a sequence to create a
rotating magnetic field. The rotor (the rotating part of the motor)
contains a series of permanent magnets that are arranged to produce
a magnetic field that interacts with the magnetic field produced by
the stator.
As the two magnetic fields interact, the rotor rotates, producing
mechanical energy that can be used to power machinery or other
devices. Because the permanent magnets in the rotor provide a
strong, constant magnetic field, PMSMs are highly efficient and
require less energy to operate than other types of electric motors.
PMSMs are used in a wide variety of applications, including
electric vehicles, industrial machinery, and household appliances.
They are known for their high efficiency, low maintenance
requirements, and precise control, which makes them a popular
choice for many different types of systems.
Analysis of the principle of the technical advantages of permanent
magnet motor
The principle of a permanent magnet synchronous motor is as
follows: In the motor's stator winding into the three-phase
current, after the pass-in current, it will form a rotating
magnetic field for the motor's stator winding. Because the rotor is
installed with the permanent magnet, the permanent magnet's
magnetic pole is fixed, according to the principle of magnetic
poles of the same phase attracting different repulsion, the
rotating magnetic field generated in the stator will drive the
rotor to rotate, The rotation speed of the rotor is equal to the
speed of the rotating pole produced in the stator.
Permanent magnet AC (PMAC) motors have a wide range of applications
including:
Industrial Machinery: PMAC motors are used in a variety of
industrial machinery applications, such as pumps, compressors,
fans, and machine tools. They offer high efficiency, high power
density, and precise control, making them ideal for these
applications.
Robotics: PMAC motors are used in robotics and automation
applications, where they offer high torque density, precise
control, and high efficiency. They are often used in robotic arms,
grippers, and other motion control systems.
HVAC Systems: PMAC motors are used in heating, ventilation, and air
conditioning (HVAC) systems, where they offer high efficiency,
precise control, and low noise levels. They are often used in fans
and pumps in these systems.
Renewable Energy Systems: PMAC motors are used in renewable energy
systems, such as wind turbines and solar trackers, where they offer
high efficiency, high power density, and precise control. They are
often used in the generators and tracking systems in these systems.
Medical Equipment: PMAC motors are used in medical equipment, such
as MRI machines, where they offer high torque density, precise
control, and low noise levels. They are often used in the motors
that drive the moving parts in these machines.
Depending on how magnets are attached to the rotor and the design
of the rotor, permanent magnet synchronous motors can be classified
into two types:
Surface permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM)
Interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM).
SPMSM mounts all magnet pieces on the surface, and IPMSM places
magnets inside the rotor.
The development trend of rare earth permanent magnet motors
Rare earth permanent magnet motors are developing towards high power (high speed, high torque), high functionality and miniaturization, and are constantly expanding new motor varieties and application fields, and the application prospects are very optimistic. In order to meet the needs, the design and manufacturing process of rare earth permanent magnet motors still need to be continuously innovated, the electromagnetic structure will be more complex, the calculation structure will be more accurate, and the manufacturing process will be more advanced and applicable.
Application of rare earth permanent magnet motor
Due to the superiority of rare earth permanent magnet motors, their applications are becoming more and more extensive. The main application areas are as follows:
Focus on the high efficiency and energy saving of rare earth permanent magnet motors. The main application objects are large power consumers, such as rare earth permanent magnet synchronous motors for textile and chemical fiber industries, rare earth permanent magnet synchronous motors for various mining and transportation machinery used in oil fields and coal mines, and rare earth permanent magnet synchronous motors for driving various pumps and fans.
A permanent magnet motor (also called PM) can be separated into two main categories: Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) and Surface Permanent Magnet (SPM). Both types generate magnetic flux by the permanent magnets affixed to or inside of the rotor.
SPM
SURFACE PERMANENT MAGNET
A type of motor in which permanent magnets are attached to the rotor circumference.
SPM motors have magnets affixed to the exterior of the rotor surface, their mechanical strength is so weaker than the IPM one. The weakened mechanical strength limits the motor’s maximum safe mechanical speed. In addition, these motors exhibit very limited magnetic saliency (Ld ≈ Lq). Inductance values measured at the rotor terminals are consistent regardless of the rotor position. Because of the near unity saliency ratio, SPM motor designs rely significantly, if not completely, on the magnetic torque component to produce torque.
IPM
INTERIOR PERMANENT MAGNET
A type of motor that has a rotor embedded with permanent magnets is called IPM.
IPM motors have a permanent magnet embedded into the rotor itself. Unlike their SPM counterparts, the location of the permanent magnets makes IPM motors very mechanically sound, and suitable for operating at very high speeds. These motors also are defined by their relatively high magnetic saliency ratio (Lq > Ld). Due to their magnetic saliency, an IPM motor has the ability to generate torque by taking advantage of both the magnetic and reluctance torque components of the motor.
