386HS452 3 Phase Hybrid Stepper Motor

1. Products Overview

Stepper motor is an executive agency that converts electrical pulses into angle displacement. You can control the angle by controlling the number of pulse to achieve the purpose of accurate position control. At the same time, you can control the speed and acceleration of the motor by controlling the input pulse frequency to achieve the purpose of the speed control.

Step motor, also called as pulse motor is normally classified by structural as: reactive step motors (VR), permanent magnet step motor (PM), and hybrid step motor (HB). Step motor can also be divided into rotation and straight lines according to the form of movement. According to whether there is an encoder, can be divided as open-loop and closed-loop step motors.

Reactive step motor: there are windings on the stator and rotor consisting of soft magnetic materials. The structure is simple, the cost is low, the step distance is small, and it can reach 1.2 °, but the dynamic performance is poor, the efficiency is low, the heating is large, and the reliability is difficult to guarantee.

Permanent Magnet step motor: The rotor of the permanent magnet step motor is made of permanent magnet material, and the rotor is the same as that of the stator. It is characterized by good dynamic performance and large output torque, but this motor has poor accuracy and large steps (generally 7.5 ° or 15 °).

Hybrid Step motor: Hybrid steaming motor integrates the advantages of reaction and permanent magnets both. It has a multi-phase windings, permanent magnet material on the rotor, and multiple small teeth on the rotor and stator to improve the step accuracy. It is characterized by large output torque, good dynamic performance, and small steps, which can meet automation applications which have high precision requirement.

According to the quantity of phases, there are two-phase, three-phase, and five-phase step motors. The most popular is the two-phase hybrid step motor, accounting for about 97%of the market share. The reason is that the two-phase step motor is more cost-effective, and also has satisfactory performance due to subdivision or micro stepping function of its drive.

The basic step angle of a two-phase step motor is 1.8 °/step. Matched with a half-step drive, the step angle is reduced to 0.9 °. Matched with a micro stepping driver, the step angle can be subdivided up to 256 times (0.007 ° per micro step), which can meet the requirement of most applications.

Although the stepper motor and its control technology are currently very mature, if not used properly, there may still be a situation of step loss, that is, position error etc. Here, we will analyze some problems and solutions.

Losing pulses when changing direction leads to inaccurate positioning

When changing direction, the pulse is lost, which means that it is accurate in any direction, but as soon as the direction is changed, errors accumulate, and the more times it is changed, the more biased it is.

Solution: Generally, stepper drivers have certain requirements for direction and pulse signals. For example, the direction signal is determined a few microseconds before the first rising or falling edge of the pulse (different drivers have different requirements) arrives. Otherwise, there will be a pulse that runs in the opposite direction of the actual required direction. Finally, the problem will appear as it deviates more and more, with smaller subdivisions becoming more prominent. The main solution is to use software to change the logic of the pulse or add a delay.

The initial speed is too high and the acceleration is too large, which sometimes causes stepping loss.

Solution: Due to the characteristics of the stepper motor, the initial speed should not be too high, especially when the load inertia is large. It is recommended to have the initial speed below 1r/s, so that the impact is small. If the same acceleration is too large, it will also have a large impact on the system, which is simple overshoot

Insufficient motor output torque

Solution: Increase the motor current appropriately, increase the voltage of the progressive driver (pay attention to the optional driver), and choose a motor with higher torque.

Environmental electromagnetic interference causes mis-operation of the controller or driver, resulting in inaccurate positioning.

It is necessary to identify the source of disturbance and reduce its electromagnetic interference on the stepper system, such as increasing spatial distance, using shielded wires for signal lines, and ensuring good grounding of the controller or driver to block communication channels and improve its anti-interference ability.

Solutions:

• Replacing ordinary wires with double shielded wires, the signal lines in the system are separated from wires with high current or high voltage to reduce electromagnetic interference ability.
• Filter out disturbance waves from the power grid using power filters, and add power filters to the input terminals of major electrical equipment under permissible conditions to reduce interference between devices within the system.
• It is best to use photoelectric blocking devices for signal transmission between devices. If conditions permit, pulse and directional signals should be transmitted using differential methods with photoelectric blocking. In rational loads (such as electromagnetic relays, solenoid valves), a resistance capacitance absorption or fast discharge circuit is added at both ends. Rational loads can experience a peak voltage of 10-100 times in the initial moment, if the operating frequency is above 20KHZ.

Kaifull Hybrid Stepper Motors Applications

The stepper motor is mainly used in the field of CNC machine tool manufacturing. The reason why it is mainly used in this field is that the motor does not require A/D conversion and can directly convert digital pulse signals into angular displacement, which is exactly what CNC machine tool equipment needs and cannot be achieved by many other types of motors. Therefore, the stepper motor can be said to be the most ideal executive component of CNC machines, and it will naturally be widely used in the manufacturing field of CNC machines.

Stepper motors can also be used in many other machinery, such as motors in automatic feeding machines and general-purpose floppy disk drives. In addition, it can also be applied in printers and plotters.

Stepper motors have the characteristics of fast start stop and positioning, and are often used as actuators for position control in the field of digital control. In the fast operation of a stepper motor, it is required that the driving circuit provide the driving current to the stepper motor winding as close as possible to the technical specifications required to generate sufficient torque. The maximum allowable temperature on the surface of the stepper motor. Stepper motors are used in conjunction with drivers, and many drivers support subdivision function, which achieves very small step angles and more precise control. The torque of the stepper motor will decrease as the speed increases. The accuracy of a general stepper motor is 3-5% of the stepper angle and does not accumulate. The stepper motor can operate normally at low speeds, but cannot start above a certain speed, accompanied by a whistling sound.

Widely used in ATM machines, inkjet printers, engraving machines, photo machines, spraying equipment, medical instruments and equipment, computer peripherals and massive storage devices, precision instruments, industrial control systems, office automation, robots and other fields, especially suitable for applications that require smooth operation, low noise, fast response, long service life, and high output torque.

Machine tool industry

Stepper motors are widely used in the machine tool industry, mainly for controlling the feed and positioning of machine tools. In CNC machine tools, stepper motors can accurately control the machining position and speed of workpieces, thereby achieving high-precision machining. In addition, stepper motors can also be used to control the automatic feeding and tool changing functions of machine tools.

Automation equipment

Stepper motors are also widely used in automation equipment, such as automated production lines, automated packaging machines, automated handling robots, etc. Stepper motors can accurately control the movement and position of equipment, thereby achieving efficient automated production.

Electronic devices

Stepper motors also have certain applications in electronic devices, such as in various stages of electronic product production, such as solder paste printing, SMT placement, reflow soldering, visual inspection, production of cables with terminals, dispensing machines, screen laminating machines, etc. They can also be used in many devices, such as ATMs, vending machines, 3D printers, scanners, printers, etc.

Medical equipment

Stepper motors are also applied in medical equipment, such as medical robots, surgical instruments, etc. Stepping motors can accurately control the movement and position of robots and surgical instruments, thereby achieving high-precision surgery and treatment.

The automotive industry

Stepping motors are also applied in the automotive industry, such as seat adjusters, air conditioning door controllers, and so on. The stepper motor can precisely control the position and movement of car seats and air conditioning doors, thereby improving the comfort and safety of the car.

In the field of robotics

Stepping motors are also widely used in the field of robotics, such as industrial robots, service robots, etc. Stepping motors can accurately control the motion and position of robots, thereby achieving efficient production and service.

In summary, stepper motors have a wide range of applications in many fields, and their high accuracy, fast response speed, and convenient control make them the core components of many automation equipment. With the continuous progress of technology, the application fields of stepper motors will continue to expand and deepen.

2. Hybrid Stepper Motor General Technical Specifications

3. Hybrid Stepper motor Performance Datasheet

4. Mechanical Dimensions (in mm)

5. Wiring Diagram

6. Torque Speed Curves