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Metal Tower Internals Two Stage Trough Type Liquid Distributor
The trough type liquid distributor is a gravity type liquid distributor.
The two-stage trough type liquid distributor consists of a main trough (primary trough) and a sub trough (secondary trough), and the main trough is placed above the sub trough. The reflux liquid or the feeding liquid enter the main tank through the feeding pipe above the main trough, and then the main trough distributes it to the sub trough in proportion. The structural dimensions of the main trough and the sub trough are determined by the liquid flow rate, the tower diameter and the requirements for the distribution quality. The structure of the two-stage trough liquid distributor is simple, and it is easy to enter the tower from the manhole for assembly. This kind of structure is commonly used in the tower where people can enter for installation, and the tower diameter is more than 800mm.
The main trough is an open structure with rectangular section, its length depends on the tower diameter and the size of the trough, and its height depends on the operating flexibility, usually 200-300 mm. Its function is to distribute the liquid stably and evenly to the sub troughs below. Therefore, the bottom or side wall of the main trough shall be equipped with a liquid distribution device, the main trough shall receive the liquid from the feed pipe, shall be equipped with a flow stabilizing device, and the trough body shall be equipped with a positioning and fixing device. The velocity of liquid in the main trough shall not exceed 0.4m/s, otherwise it will cause a large liquid level drop and reduce the liquid distribution quality.
The function of the sub trough is to evenly distribute the liquid from the main trough to the surface of the packing, so the sub trough is very important to the liquid distribution. Its length is determined by the tower diameter and arrangement. Its width is slightly different due to the liquid flow rate and the required residence time, generally 30-60mm. Its height is related to the operating flexibility, generally 250-300mm.
Performance comparison of various liquid distributors
| Item | Ladder type | Spray nozzle type | Pan with bottom hole | Trough with bottom hole | Pan with overflow | Trough with overflow | |
| Power | pressure | gravity | pressure | gravity | gravity | gravity | gravity |
| Distribution quality | Middle | High | Low to middle | High | High | Low to middle | Low to middle |
capacity m3/(m2·h) | 0.25-2.5 | 0.25-10 | Wide range | Wide range | Wide range | Wide range | Wide range |
| Tower dia. /m | >0.45 | Any | Any | Any, often<1.2 | Any, often>0.6 | Any, often<1.2 | Any, often>0.6 |
| Plugging degree | High | High | Middle to high | Middle | Middle | Low | Low |
| Air resistance | Low | Low | Low | High | Low | High | Low to high |
| Levelness requirements | None | Low | None | High at low load | High at low load | High | high |
| Effect of corrosion | High | Middle | High | High | High | Low | Low |
| Influence of liquid level fluctuation | None | Small | None | Middle | Middle | Big | Big |
| Entrainment | High | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Weight | Low | Low | Low | High | Middle | High | middle |
Liquid distributor position in packed tower:
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